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Constitutional Law—First Circuit Conducts Independent, Not Clear-Error, Review in Free Speech Case Involving City Ordinances—Sullivan v. City of Augusta, 511 F.3d 16 (1st Cir. 2007), cert. denied, 129 S. Ct. 112 (2008)

First Circuit Review 2009 Protecting the expression of unpopular ideas lies at the heart of the First Amendment; therefore, free speech law inherently distrusts regulation.  Acknowledging the First Amendment’s importance, the United States Supreme Court imposed a...

Tax Law—Retired Tenured Professors’ Early Retirement Plan Compensation Subject to Federal Insurance Contributions Act Taxation—University of Pittsburgh v. United States, 507 F.3d 165 (3d Cir. 2007)

The Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) funds a national system of old age, survivors, disability, and hospital insurance, commonly known as social security and Medicare. To achieve its purpose, FICA imposes a tax on both employers and employees at a level...

Immigration Law—Withholding Automatic Asylum for Spouses or Partners of Victims of China’s Coercive Family-Planning Policies—Shi Liang Lin v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 494 F.3d 296 (2d Cir. 2007)

Section 601(a) of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA) amended the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) definition of “refugee” to include victims of coercive family-planning policies.  In the 1997 decision In re C-Y-Z-,...